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Investigation

Enteric viruses

Research Lines

Content with Investigacion Retrovirus .

Classical viral vaccines rely on the induction of neutralizing antibodies. In the case of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the viral spike has evolved to evade recognition by these antibodies. Despite these obstacles, certain monoclonal antibodies capable of neutralizing the majority of primary HIV-1 isolates have been successfully isolated and have demonstrated efficacy both in controlling viremia and in providing protection against infection in animal models. These are known as broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs).


 

In order to identify the factors involved in the induction of these antibodies and to develop preventive strategies based on bNAb induction, we are pursuing the following research lines:

  1. Determination of factors associated with the induction of effective humoral responses in different scenarios: recent infection, chronic infection, co-infection with hepatitis C virus, reinfection, and pediatric infection, among others.
  2. Study of the effect of feminizing hormone therapy on the immune system of transgender women.
  3. Development of HIV-1 vaccine prototypes based on viral spike proteins incorporated into Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) from two sources:
    a) Selected from a library of randomly mutated spikes to enhance the accessibility of epitopes recognized by bNAbs.
    b) Derived from viruses present in individuals with broad neutralizing responses in recent infection.
  4. Isolation and characterization of new bNAbs against HIV-1 from individual B cells of individuals with an efficient neutralizing response. These antibodies could be used in both preventive and therapeutic strategies.
  5. Isolation of new monoclonal antibodies against other human pathogenic viruses, adapting the technology developed for HIV-1 antibody isolation, in collaboration with researchers from the National Center for Microbiology.
  6. Use of gene therapy vectors (Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viruses; rAAVs) to incorporate bNAbs and apply them in prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.

​​​Líneas de investigación prioritariaslogo2.jpg

1.    Estudio de los procesos de latencia y reactivación del VIH-1: principales mecanismos homeostáticos responsables de la latencia proviral y la generación de los reservorios virales que imposibilitan la erradicación de la enfermedad.
2.    Estudio de dianas terapéuticas para impedir la replicación viral activa durante la infección aguda o primaria y para interferir con la renovación del reservorio viral: análisis de fármacos inhibidores de las kinasas de linfocitos PKC o kinasas de la familia Src como p56Lck.
3.    Análisis de los mecanismos de transactivación responsables de la replicación viral activa en linfocitos T CD4+: mecanismos virales implicados en reactivación del provirus.
4.    Estudio de mecanismos que impidan la infección y replicación viral eficaz en células del reservorio viral secundario como son los monocitos/macrófagos.
5.    Análisis de la resistencia a la infección por VIH-1 en linfocitos T CD4+ aislados de pacientes con distrofia muscular de cintura escapulohumeral/pélvica 1F (LGMD1F), que portan un defecto en el gen de la transportina-3 (tnpo3).
6.    Estudio de la sinergia NF-B/Tat para la identificación de nuevas dianas terapéuticas.
7.    Estudio de cambios de expresión en el transcriptoma y modificaciones postraduccionales en el proteoma de linfocitos T CD4+ que expresan Tat intracelular y su impacto sobre la estructura del citoesqueleto celular: mecanismo potencial de supervivencia de los reservorios virales.
8.    Análisis de los mecanismos de degradación de p65/RelA (NF-B) y su importancia en la infección por VIH-1.

9.    Estudio de las modificaciones en el metabolismo del RNA inducidas por la expresión intracelular de Tat y su papel en los mecanismos de supervivencia celular y aumento de la replicación viral.

 

Otras líneas de investigación

1.    Estudio de la respuesta humoral y celular desarrollada en pacientes con Long COVID o COVID persistente.
2.    Análisis de biomarcadores predictivos de gravedad en pacientes con distintas presentaciones de COVID-19.
3.    Estudio de la respuesta inmune frente a la infección natural por SARS-CoV-2 o por la vacunación frente al COVID-19 desarrollada por pacientes con enfermedades oncohematológicas en estado de inmunodeficiencia.
4.    Definición de biomarcadores predictivos de recaída en pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica que hayan interrumpido el tratamiento con inhibidores de tirosina kinasas.

Research

The Molecular Virology group focuses its research on the study of HIV-1 genetic variation and viral evolution using both in vitro and ex vivo approaches, structured around the following research lines:

- Non-progressor patients. These patients maintain control of the disease in the absence of antiretroviral therapy and have therefore been proposed as a model of functional cure. Our objective is to study the contribution of viral factors to disease control through biological characterization and analysis of viral evolution in individuals with undetectable viral loads (elite controllers, EC), compared with individuals showing other patterns of viral control.

- Viral envelope. This viral protein is key in determining viral fitness. Therefore, its functionality significantly affects infection progression. In collaboration with Dr. Blanco and Dr. Valenzuela, we study which specific events (CD4 binding, fusogenicity, etc.) are associated with envelope functionality. To this end, we have analyzed envelopes from individuals with different patterns of disease progression. Some of these have been contributed to the AIDS Research Network envelope biobank for broader use.

- Dual infection. Infection with more than one viral variant (either through co-infection or superinfection) may have consequences for infection pathogenesis. Within our group, different aspects of DI have been analyzed, including its detection in non-progressor patients, its prevalence and incidence in Spain, and its influence on the neutralizing antibody response.

- Molecular Epidemiology. The group has analyzed viral evolution throughout the epidemic in Spain and in other countries (the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, Uruguay, Panama, Brazil, etc.).

- Role of amino acid residues in reverse transcriptase. We study the role of specific amino acid residues in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in enzymatic function and replication capacity using an infectious molecular clone previously obtained by the group.

- “In vitro” variability. Serial passage studies have been used to detect the mechanisms responsible for the gain or loss of viral fitness.

- Antiviral studies. We have analyzed the selection of resistance mutations in vitro against different antivirals, as well as the effect of these mutations on viral fitness, and the activity of new antivirals such as ATR inhibitors.

 

Virological Diagnosis and Reference in HIV and HTLV Infections

The research group provides diagnostic and reference activities through the service portfolio of the National Center for Microbiology to the entire Spanish National Health System.

These services include:

  • Diagnosis and reference of HIV infection (types 1 and 2) through detection of specific antibodies and detection of proviral DNA by PCR.

  • Diagnosis and reference of HTLV-I/II infection through detection of specific antibodies and detection of proviral DNA by PCR. Quantification of HTLV-1 proviral load by real-time PCR.

European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) in the field of in vitro diagnostic medical devices for microbiological diagnosis (IVD) of HIV and HTLV (Regulation 2023/2713 of December 5th, 2023). Our role is to confirm the reliability and effectiveness of devices for detecting these pathogens and to ensure their specific performance requirements through laboratory testing before they can be marketed within the European Union.

Research Lines:

1.    Molecular mechanisms associated to the protection of HIV-1 infection in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy dominant D2 (LGMDD2) patients.
2.    Generation of neutralizing antibodies for therapeutic use based on the broad-spectrum neutralizing response against founder viruses.
3.    Characterization of the immune memory against SARS-CoV-2 in a population over 65 years of age.
4.    Screening and characterization of new anti-latency drugs against HIV-1.
5.    Study of viral entry and HIV tropism in viruses of special epidemiological relevance in Spain. 
6.    Genetic mechanisms of protection and control of HIV-1 infection in populations with extreme phenotypes.

Clinical studies:

1.    Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of HIV-1 envelope-based 763SIP8/MPLA-5 vaccine as a preventive vaccine in healthy uninfected adults. 
2.    ENE-COVID-Senior: Prospective observational study in a cohort of elderly nursing home residents to establish their immune status after receiving a complete vaccination regimen.

Implementation of new technologies:

1.    Identification of HIV-1 integration sites by deep sequencing.
2.    Single cell transcriptomics with simultaneous TCR/BCR sequencing.
3.    Epidemiological intelligence for prediction of SARS-CoV-2 variants likely to emerge in different vaccination settings.
 

Biología y Variabilidad del VIH

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Research projects

Content with Investigacion Retrovirus .

- Towards a functional cure: Implications of early antiretroviral therapy and hormonal changes on the HIV reservoir in perinatally infected adolescents. Health Research Fund (FIS) – Carlos III Health Institute (01/01/2026 – 31/12/2028). €72,000. PI: María Pernas, Concepción Casado.

- Determination of factors associated with protection against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 reinfection: Identification of correlates of protection. 9th Gilead Fellowship Program for Biomedical Research, Gilead Sciences, S.L. (01/07/2023 – 30/06/2025). €16,330. PI: María Pernas.

- Impact of the envelope on HIV viral replication: New avenues for vaccine development. Health Research Fund (FIS) – Carlos III Health Institute (01/01/2020 – 31/12/2023). €53,000. PI: María Pernas, Concepción Casado.

- Study of HIV-1 virulence in recently infected patients and its contribution, together with clinical and epidemiological factors, to disease progression. Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. State Program for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (30/12/2016 – 30/06/2021). €145,000. PI: Concepción Casado, Cecilio López-Galíndez.

-Contribution of HIV-1 dual infection to virological and clinical evolution in homo/bisexual men. Health Research Fund (FIS) – Carlos III Health Institute (01/01/2014 – 31/01/2016). €74,410. PI: Cecilio López-Galíndez.

- Characterization of non-pathogenic HIV variants obtained “ex vivo” and “in vitro” for the study of disease pathogenesis. Ministry of Science and Innovation (01/01/2011 – 31/01/2014). €169,400. PI: Cecilio López-Galíndez.

- Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS-RETIC). Carlos III Health Institute (02/01/2017 – 02/01/2022). €195,212. PI: Cecilio López-Galíndez, Concepción Casado.

RIS.jpg

1.    Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection: effect in naïve vaccinees and seropositives against the most transmissible variants and relevance of host genetics.
Principal Investigator: Javier García Pérez. 
Funding Agency: Acción Estratégica en Salud Intramural 2021(ISCIII)
Funding: 135.000 €
Duration: 2022-2025. 
Project Reference: PI21CIII/00025.
2.    Design and generation of viral stocks of new SARS-CoV-2 variants (omicron subvariants) and analysis of their susceptibility to antibodies neutralization.
Principal Investigator: Javier García Pérez.
Funding Agency: Hipra Scientific S.L.U.
Funding: 103.771 €
Duration: 2023-2025.
Project Reference: MVP 198/23.
3.    Characterization of a mutation in transportin 3 that protects against HIV infection: molecular mechanisms and discovery of new drugs.
Principal Investigator: José Alcamí y Javier García Pérez.
Funding Agency:     Proyectos de I+D+I, Generación de Conocimiento y Retos Investigación de la Agencia Estatal de Investigación.
Funding: 240.000 €
Duration: 2022-2026. 
Project Reference: PID2021-125978OB-C21 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, UE

4.    Generation of immunogens based on HIV-1 envelopes from acutely infected individuals with a broad neutralizing response against founder viruses.
Principal investigator: Nuria González Fernández.
Funding Agency: Acción Estratégica en Salud Intramural 2023 (ISCIII)
Funding: 82.000 €
Duration: 2024-2026. 
Project Reference: PI23CIII/00039.
5.    Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of HIV-1 envelope-based 763SIP8/MPLA-5 vaccine. 
Principal Investigator: Josep Mallolas Masferrer.
Funding Agency: Proyectos de Investigación Clínica Independiente, Acción Estratégica en Salud 2021-2023 (ISCIII).
Funding: 173.200 €
Duration: 2024-2026. 
Project Reference: ICI23/00025.
6.    Service of immunological determinations of the ENE-COVID SENIOR II protocol.
Principal Investigator: Mayte Pérez Olmeda y Javier García Pérez. 
Funding Agency: Fundación para la investigación biomédica del Hospital Universitario La Paz
Funding: 185.037 €
Duration: 2024-2025. 
Project Reference: MOTR 219/24.
7.    Characterization of the immune memory against SARS-CoV-2 in a population over 65 years of age using single cell transcriptomics.
Principal Investigator: Javier García Pérez y Francisco Díez Fuertes.
Funding Agency: Acción Estratégica en Salud Intramural 2021(ISCIII)
Funding: 152.000 €
Duration: 2025-2027. 
Project Reference: PI24CIII/00058
8. Evaluation of rimonabant and cannbinooid analogues in HIV infection and viral latency.
Principal Investigator: Luis Miguel Bedoya del Olmo. 
Funding Agency: Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Funding: 12.000 €
Duration: 2024-2025. 
Project Reference: PR12/24-31553.
9. Discovery of new inhibitors of HIV-1 RNA biogenesis based on blocking the ribonucleoprotein RRE-Rev.
Principal Investigator: José Gallego Sala. Associate Researcher: Luis Miguel Bedoya del Olmo
Funding Agency: Department of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society. Generalitat Valenciana.
Funding: 543,683.84 €
Duration: 2025-2027. 
Project Reference: PROMETEO/2021/036.

Research Projects as Principal Investigators

Effect of Feminizing Hormone Therapy on the Immune Response in Transgender Women
Principal Investigator: Víctor Sánchez-Merino
Funding Agency: Intramural Health Strategic Action
Funding: €117,000
Participating Institutions: ISCIII, IRSICAIXA, 7 Infectious diseases units (Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM-INF), Hospital Universitario La Paz (HULP), Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL), Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD), Fundación Universitario la Princesa (HUP), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (HURyC) y Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre (HU12O), Centro Sandoval, 1 Gender Identity Unit, Facultad de psicología (UAM), Facultad de Geografía e Historia (UCM) and three ONGs
Duration: 01/01/2025- 31/12/2027
Project Reference: PI24CIII/00031

Design of Vaccine Prototypes based on HIV-1 Envelope presented on Virus-Like Particles and Nanodiscs
Principal Investigator: Eloísa Yuste Herranz
Funding agency: Knowledge Generation Projects. State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation.
Funding: €125,000
Participating Institutions: ISCIII and University of UNSW (Sydney, Australia)
Duration: 01/09/24–31/12/28
Reference: Project PID2023-148729OB-100 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, UE.

 

Funding for Research Assistant Position. Project: New Approaches to Immunogen Design for the Induction of Anti-HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies (bNAbs) Based on Viral Envelope Proteins Presented on VLPs
Principal Investigator: Eloísa Yuste Herranz
Funding Agency: Youth Employment Plan (Community of Madrid)
Funding: Hiring of a senior graduate for 2 years
Participating Institutions: ISCIII
Duration: 01/04/2024 – 31/03/2026
Project Reference: SAL-GL-28125

Generation of an Adenovirus-Associated Vector for the Delivery of a Broadly Neutralizing Antibody (bNAb) Against HIV-1 That Does Not Induce Anti-Antibody Responses. Funding for Research Assistant Position. 
Principal Investigator: Víctor Sánchez Merino
Funding Agency: FUAX-Santander
Funding: €90,000
Participating Institutions: Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio and ISCIII
Duration: 01/04/2022 – 01/04/2025
Project Reference: 1.013.008

New Approaches to Immunogen Design for the Induction of Anti-HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies (bNAbs) Based on Viral Envelope Proteins Presented on Virus-Like Particles (VLPs). 
Principal Investigator: Eloísa Yuste Herranz
Funding Agency: Intramural Health Strategic Action
Funding: €77,000
Participating Institutions: Fraunhofer Institute (Germany) and ISCIII
Duration: 01/01/2021 – 30/06/2024
Project Reference: PI20CIII/00039

Development of Immunogens and Vaccination Strategies to Optimize the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies (bNAbs) Against HIV-1.                                  
Principal Investigator: Eloísa Yuste Herranz
Funding Agency: Intramural Health Strategic Action
Funding: €117,000
Participating Institutions: Fraunhofer Institute (Germany) and ISCIII
Duration: 01/01/2018 – 31/12/2021
Personnel Hiring: One postdoctoral researcher for 3 years
Project Reference: PI17/00049

Isolation and Characterization of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against HIV-1 from Recently Infected Patients.
Principal Investigator: Eloísa Yuste Herranz
Funding Agency: Health Strategic Action (ISCIII)
Funding: €57,475
Participating Institutions: IDIBAPS, Fraunhofer Institute (Germany), and ISCIII
Duration: 01/01/2014 – 30/04/2017
Project Reference: PI13/01528

Development of an HIV Vaccine: Isolation and Characterization of New Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies.
Principal Investigator: Eloísa Yuste Herranz
Funding Agency: Health Research Fund (ISCIII)
Funding: €116,765
Participating Institutions: IDIBAPS and ISCIII
Duration: 01/01/2010 – 31/12/2012
Project Reference: PI09/1459

Optimization of the HIV-1 Envelope Protein as an Immunogen.                            
Principal Investigator: Eloísa Yuste Herranz
Funding Agency: Spanish Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention (FIPSE)
Funding: €141,845
Participating Institutions: IDIBAPS
Duration: 30/10/2008 – 31/08/2012
Personnel Hiring: One senior graduate for 3 years
Project Reference: 36780/08

Optimization of the HIV-1 Envelope Protein as an Immunogen.                           
Principal Investigator: Eloísa Yuste Herranz
Funding Agency: Ramón y Cajal Program (Ministry of Education and Science)
Funding: 5-year Ramón y Cajal Researcher contract + 3 years as I3
Participating Institutions: IDIBAPS
Duration: 2008 – 2016
Project Reference: RYC-2007-00788

R&D projects as part of the research team 

Determination of factors associated with protection against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 Reinfection: Identification of protection correlates.
Principal Investigator: María Pernas Escario
Funding Agency: Gilead Sciences
Funding: €16,630
Participating Entities: Centro Sandoval and ISCIII
Duration: 01/01/2023 - 31/12/2023
Contract/Project File: GLD22/001144

EAVI2020: European AIDS Vaccine Initiative 2020
Principal Investigator: José Alcamí Pertejo
Funding Agency: Horizon 2020 (European Union; EU)
Funding: €403,829
Participating Entities: ISCIII and an EU consortium
Duration: 01/01/2015 - 30/04/2021
Contract/Project File: MPY1398/15

EHVA, European HIV Vaccine Alliance (EHVA): an EU platform for the discovery and evaluation of novel prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine candidates.
Principal Investigator: Felipe García Alcaide
Funding Agency: Horizon 2020 (European Union; EU)
Funding: €1,000,000
Participating Entities: IDIBAPS and an EU consortium
Duration: 01/01/2018 - 31/12/2020
Contract/Project File: 681032

Grup de Recerca VIH/SIDA
Principal Investigator: José María Gatell
Funding Agency: AGAUR_SGR14 (Generalitat de Catalunya-projects)
Funding: €63,000
Participating Entities: IDIBAPS
Duration: 01/01/2014 - 30/04/2017
Contract/Project File: 214_SGR_706

SIDA Vaccine Research Project (HIVACAT)
Principal Investigator: José María Gatell
Funding Agency: MINECO (INNPACTO Program)
Funding: €288,740
Participating Entities: IDIBAPS and Irsicaixa
Duration: 01/01/2013 - 31/03/2020
Contract/Project File: PT-2012-0325-010000

Design, synthesis, and anti-HIV-1 study of peptide domains of GB virus B
Principal Investigator: Isabel Haro
Funding Agency: Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention (FIPSE)
Funding: €33,000
Participating Entities: IQAC-CSIC and IDIBAPS
Duration: 09/03/2010 - 30/11/2014
Contract/Project File: 36-0735-09
 

Expresion

​1. Título del proyecto: Estudio del efecto de la inmunoterapia y el tratamiento antirretroviral a largo plazo sobre la evolución del reservorio del VIH durante la infección crónica: Búsqueda de nuevas estrategias para una cura funcional.
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023.
Financiación: 275.000€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII
Duración: 01/09/2023 – 31/08/2027
Expediente contrato/proyecto: PID2022-141317OB-I00 (MPY 345/23)

logo proyecto 1.jpg
 
2. Título del proyecto: Estudio longitudinal de la evolución de parámetros inmunológicos en personas con COVID persistente: definición de biomarcadores de persistencia.
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: Acción Estratégica en Salud Intramural.
Financiación: 92.000€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII
Duración: 01/01/2023 – 31/12/2025
Expediente contrato/proyecto: PI22CIII/00059 (MPY 354/22)

3. Título del proyecto: Nuevas estrategias terapéuticas basadas en inhibidores de tirosina kinasas para la eliminación del reservorio latente del VIH-1.
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Convocatoria del Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad.
Financiación: 157.300€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII
Duración: 01/06/2020 – 31/05/2023
Contratación de personal: 1 licenciado en prácticas (2 años)
Expediente contrato/proyecto: PID2019-110275RB-I00 (MPY 274/20)
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4. Título del proyecto: Identification of predictive biomarkers associated with immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 (Work Package 4, dentro de la Coordinación de actividades de investigación en el CNM para realizar una respuesta integradora frente a la pandemia por SARS-CoV2 en España).
Investigadoras principales: María Teresa Coiras López (Investigadora principal Work package 4); Inmaculada Casas Flecha (coordinadora proyecto general).
Agencia financiadora: FONDO–COVID19, en el marco del Real Decreto-ley 8/2020, de 17 de marzo, de medidas urgentes extraordinarias para hacer frente al impacto económico y social de la enfermedad COVID-19
Financiación: 23.000€ (WP4); 325.909€ (proyecto general)
Entidades participantes: ISCIII
Duración: 31/03/2020 – 01/11/2021
Contratación de personal: 1 licenciado por obra y servicio (6 meses)
Expediente contrato/proyecto: COV20_00679 (MPY 222/20)

5. Título del proyecto: Identification of predictive biomarkers associated with immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 (Work Package 4, dentro de la Coordinación de actividades de investigación en el CNM para realizar una respuesta integradora frente a la pandemia por SARS-CoV2 en España).
Investigadoras principales: María Teresa Coiras López (Investigadora principal Work package 4); Inmaculada Casas Flecha (coordinadora proyecto general).
Agencia financiadora: CHIESI ESPAÑA, S.A.U.
Financiación: 50.000€ (donación específica al WP4, aceptada por el ISCIII el 09/07/2020)
Entidades participantes: ISCIII
Duración: 09/07/20 – 01/11/2021
Expediente contrato/proyecto: COV20_00679 (MPY 222/20)

6. Título del proyecto: Tyrosine Kinase inhibition: The New Front in HIV Cure Efforts
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: NIH Research Project Grant Program (R01).
Financiación: 598.181,47€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII/Universidad de Utah
Duración: 31/10/2018 - 31/10/2024
Contratación de personal: 1 contrato de doctor por la Ley de la Ciencia (4,5 años); 1 contrato de licenciado por obra y servicio (3 años)
Expediente contrato/proyecto: R01-AI143567 (MPY 230/19)

7. Título del proyecto: Estudio de compuestos inhibidores de tirosina kinasas para impedir la formación del reservorio latente del VIH-1 en linfocitos T CD4+
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Convocatoria del Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad.
Financiación: 157.300€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII
Duración: 31/12/2016 - 31/12/2019
Contratación de personal: un técnico de laboratorio por obra y servicio (2,5 años)
Expediente contrato/proyecto: SAF2016-78480-R (MPY 1361/16)
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8. Título del proyecto: PKC theta y Lck como potenciales dianas terapéuticas para la disminución del reservorio viral durante la infección aguda por VIH-1 en linfocitos T CD4.
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Convocatoria del Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad.
Financiación: 163.350€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII
Duración: 01/01/2014 - hasta: 30/09/2017
Contratación de personal: un técnico de laboratorio por obra y servicio (2 años)
Expediente contrato/proyecto: SAF2013-44677-R (MPY 1250/14)
 logo proyecto 7.jpg

9. Título del proyecto: Dasatinib preserves the activity of the antiviral factor SAMHD1 in human CD4+ T cells: potential use for the control of HIV-1 replication in patients with acute (primary) infection and prevention of the establishment of viral reservoirs.
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS). Non-Clinical Research Proposal
Financiación: 74.000€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII, BMS
Duración: 01-01-14 - 31-12-14
Expediente contrato/proyecto: AI471-041

10. Título del proyecto: Análisis de fármacos inhibidores selectivos de la protein kinasa C (PKC) theta para el bloqueo de la replicación del VIH durante la infección primaria.
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: ISCIII
Financiación: 63.104€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII
Duración: 31/12/2012 - hasta: 30/09/2015
Contratación de personal: un técnico de laboratorio por obra y servicio (2 años)
Expediente contrato/proyecto: MPY 1371/12

11. Título del proyecto: Análisis de fármacos inhibidores selectivos de la protein kinasa C (PKC) theta para el bloqueo de la replicación del VIH durante la infección primaria.
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad.
Financiación: 51.510€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII
Duración: 01/03/2012 - hasta: 01/10/2013
Contratación de personal: un técnico de laboratorio por obra y servicio (1 año)
Expediente contrato/proyecto: EC11-285 (MPY 1046/12)

12. Título del proyecto: Papel de PKC theta en la infección por VIH-1 y búsqueda de nuevas dianas terapéuticas.
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: Fundación para la Investigación y Prevención del SIDA en España (FIPSE), convocatoria XI. Premio FIPSE como joven investigadora del año, (30/05/11)
Financiación: 129.746€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII/Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC)
Duración: 15/01/2011 - 15/07/2014
Contratación de personal: un técnico de laboratorio por obra y servicio (3 años)
Expediente contrato/proyecto: 360924/10 (MPY 1044/11)

13. Título del proyecto: Análisis de las modificaciones postraduccionales inducidas por la expresión intracelular de la proteina Tat del VIH-1 en linfocitos T y efecto sobre el metabolismo del RNA.
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, convocatoria 2010.
Financiación: 67.760€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII
Duración: 31/12/2010 - 31/12/2013
Expediente contrato/proyecto: SAF2010-18388 (MPY 1401/10)

14. Título del proyecto: Papel de PKC theta en la infección por VIH-1 y búsqueda de nuevas dianas terapéuticas
Investigadoras principales: María Teresa Coiras López (ISCIII); Gema Díaz Gil (URJC)
Agencia financiadora: CAM-URJC (Programa de creación y consolidación de grupos de investigación cofinanciada por la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos y la Comunidad de Madrid, convocatoria 2009)
Financiación: 18.900€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII y URJC
Duración: 01/01/2011 - 31/12/2011
Expediente contrato/proyecto: CCG10-URJC/SAL-5020.

15. Título del proyecto: Estudio de la degradación de p65/RelA en linfocitos T humanos.
Investigadora principal: María Teresa Coiras López
Agencia financiadora: Fundación para la Investigación y Prevención del SIDA en España (FIPSE), convocatoria VIII.
Financiación: 36.139€
Entidades participantes: ISCIII
Duración: 01/01/2008 – 01/01/2011
Expediente contrato/proyecto: 36633/07 (MPY 1471/07)

Publications

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Immunoescape of HIV-1 in Env-EL9 CD8 + T cell response restricted by HLA-B*14:02 in a Non progressor who lost twenty-seven years of HIV-1 control

Moyano A, Blanch-Lombarte O, Tarancon-Diez L, Pedreño-Lopez N, Arenas M, Alvaro T, Casado C, Olivares I, Vera M, Rodriguez C, Del Romero J, López-Galíndez C, Ruiz-Mateos E, Prado JG, Pernas M. Retrovirology. 2022 Mar 26,19(1):6

PUBMED DOI

The Characteristics of the HIV-1 Env Glycoprotein Are Linked with Viral Pathogenesis

Pérez-Yanes S, Pernas M, Marfil S, Cabrera-Rodríguez R, Ortiz R, Urrea V, Rovirosa C, Estévez-Herrera J, Olivares I, Casado C, Lopez-Galindez C, Blanco J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 24, 3:763039.

PUBMED DOI

Analysis of HIV-1 “in vitro” evolution through 3D real fitness landscapes constructed by Self Organizing Maps.

Ramón Lorenzo‐Redondo, Soledad Delgado, Federico Morán, and Cecilio Lopez‐Galindez. Analysis of HIV-1 “in vitro” evolution through 3D real fitness landscapes constructed by Self Organizing Maps. (2014) PLoS One. 9(2): e88579.

PUBMED DOI

Influence of Mutation and Recombination on HIV-1 in vitro Fitness Recovery

Ramón Lorenzo-Redondo, Miguel Arenas, and Cecilio Lopez-Galindez. (2015) Mol Phylogenet Evol. Sep 7. pii: S1055-7903(15)00259-6

PUBMED DOI

Characterizing carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from Spain: high genetic heterogeneity and wide geographical spread.

1. Characterizing carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from Spain: high genetic heterogeneity and wide geographical spread. Dahdouh E, Gómez-Marcos L, Cañada-García JE, de Arellano ER, Sánchez-García A, Sánchez-Romero I, López-Urrutia L, de la Iglesia P, Gonzalez-Praetorius A, Sotelo J, Valle-Millares D, Alonso-González I, Bautista V, Lara N, García-Cobos S, Cercenado E, Aracil B, Oteo-Iglesias J, Pérez-Vázquez M; Spanish Eco-Carba Study Group. Revista: Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024 May 16;14:1390966.

PUBMED DOI

An increase in erythromycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from blood correlates with the use of macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin antibiotics. EARS-Net Spain (2004-2020).

4. An increase in erythromycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from blood correlates with the use of macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin antibiotics. EARS-Net Spain (2004-2020). Autores: El Mammery A, Ramírez de Arellano E, Cañada-García JE, Cercenado E, Villar-Gómara L, Casquero-García V, García-Cobos S, Lepe JA, Ruiz de Gopegui Bordes E, Calvo-Montes J, Larrosa Escartín N, Cantón R, Pérez-Vázquez M, Aracil B, Oteo-Iglesias J. Revista: Front Microbiol. 2023 Sep 26;14:1220286.

PUBMED DOI

Widespread Detection of Yersiniabactin Gene Cluster and Its Encoding Integrative Conjugative Elements (ICEKp) among Nonoutbreak OXA-48-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates from Spain and the Netherlands.

11. Widespread Detection of Yersiniabactin Gene Cluster and Its Encoding Integrative Conjugative Elements (ICEKp) among Nonoutbreak OXA-48-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates from Spain and the Netherlands. Autores: Jati AP, Sola-Campoy PJ, Bosch T, Schouls LM, Hendrickx APA, Bautista V, Lara N, Raangs E, Aracil B, Rossen JWA, Friedrich AW, Navarro Riaza AM, Cañada-García JE, Ramírez de Arellano E, Oteo-Iglesias J, Pérez-Vázquez M, García-Cobos S; Dutch and Spanish Collaborative Working Groups on Surveillance on Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales; Sánchez AMF, Pulido MA, Armas M. Revista: Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Aug 17;11(4):e0471622.

PUBMED DOI

Clinical, microbiological, and molecular characterization of pediatric invasive infections by Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain in a context of global outbreak.

2. Clinical, microbiological, and molecular characterization of pediatric invasive infections by Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain in a context of global outbreak. Autores: Ramírez de Arellano E, Saavedra-Lozano J, Villalón P, Jové-Blanco A, Grandioso D, Sotelo J, Gamell A, González-López JJ, Cervantes E, Gónzalez MJ, Rello-Saltor V, Esteva C, Sanz-Santaeufemia F, Yagüe G, Manzanares Á, Brañas P, Ruiz de Gopegui E, Carrasco-Colom J, García F, Cercenado E, Mellado I, Del Castillo E, Pérez-Vazquez M, Oteo-Iglesias J, Calvo C; Spanish PedGAS-Net/CIBERINFEC GAS Study Group. Revista: mSphere. 2024 Mar 26;9(3):e0072923.

PUBMED DOI

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of IMP-producing Enterobacterales in Spain: Predominance of IMP-8 in Klebsiella pneumoniae and IMP-22 in Enterobacter roggenkampii.

5. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of IMP-producing Enterobacterales in Spain: Predominance of IMP-8 in Klebsiella pneumoniae and IMP-22 in Enterobacter roggenkampii. Autores: Cañada-García JE, Grippo N, de Arellano ER, Bautista V, Lara N, Navarro AM, Cabezas T, Martínez-Ramírez NM, García-Cobos S, Calvo J, Cercenado E, Aracil B, Pérez-Vázquez M, Oteo-Iglesias J; Spanish IMP Study Group. Revista: Front Microbiol. 2022 Sep 28;13:1000787.

DOI

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3.

6. CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3. Autores: Cañada-García JE, Moure Z, Sola-Campoy PJ, Delgado-Valverde M, Cano ME, Gijón D, González M, Gracia-Ahufinger I, Larrosa N, Mulet X, Pitart C, Rivera A, Bou G, Calvo J, Cantón R, González-López JJ, Martínez-Martínez L, Navarro F, Oliver A, Palacios-Baena ZR, Pascual Á, Ruiz-Carrascoso G, Vila J, Aracil B, Pérez-Vázquez M, Oteo-Iglesias J; GEMARA/GEIRAS-SEIMC/REIPI CARB-ES-19 Study Group. Revista: Front Microbiol. 2022 Jun 30;13:918362.

DOI

Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: Identification of IncL-VIM-1 Plasmid in Previously Non-Predominant Sequence Types.

3. Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: Identification of IncL-VIM-1 Plasmid in Previously Non-Predominant Sequence Types. Autores: Cañada-García JE, Ramírez de Arellano E, Jiménez-Orellana M, Viedma E, Sánchez A, Alhambra A, Villa J, Delgado-Iribarren A, Bautista V, Lara N, García-Cobos S, Aracil B, Cercenado E, Pérez-Vázquez M, Oteo-Iglesias J. Revista: Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Jan 6;12(1):107.

DOI

Interregional spread in Spain of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolates carrying the optrA and poxtA genes.

7. Interregional spread in Spain of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolates carrying the optrA and poxtA genes. Autores: Moure Z, Lara N, Marín M, Sola-Campoy PJ, Bautista V, Gómez-Bertomeu F, Gómez-Dominguez C, Pérez-Vázquez M, Aracil B, Campos J, Cercenado E, Oteo-Iglesias J; Spanish Linezolid-Resistant Enterococci Collaborating Group. Revista: Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Jun;55(6):105977.

PUBMED DOI

Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Spain: interregional dissemination of the high-risk clones ST175 and ST244 carrying blaVIM-2, blaVIM-1, blaIMP-8, blaVIM-20 and blaKPC-2.

8. Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Spain: interregional dissemination of the high-risk clones ST175 and ST244 carrying blaVIM-2, blaVIM-1, blaIMP-8, blaVIM-20 and blaKPC-2. Autores: Pérez-Vázquez M, Sola-Campoy PJ, Zurita ÁM, Ávila A, Gómez-Bertomeu F, Solís S, López-Urrutia L, Gónzalez-Barberá EM, Cercenado E, Bautista V, Lara N, Aracil B, Oliver A, Campos J, Oteo-Iglesias J; Spanish Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Program collaborating Group. Revista: Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Jul;56(1):106026.

PUBMED DOI

Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in Spanish ICU patients: clinical and microbiological characterization (MURAN-UCI Project).

9. Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in Spanish ICU patients: clinical and microbiological characterization (MURAN-UCI Project). Autores: Ramirez de Arellano E, López-Causapé C, Delgado-Valverde M, Arroyo Muñoz FJ, Alemparte-Pardavila E, Arca-Suárez J, Ayestarán I, Calvo Montes J, Cañada-Garcia J, Garcia-Cobos S, García-Fernández S, Gijón Cordero D, González-López JJ, Mir-Cros A, Nuvials X, Pérez-Vázquez M, Pomares-de la Peña A, Pampín-Garcia M, Riazzo C, Rodríguez-Gómez J, Rojo-Molinero E, Ruiz-Garbajosa P, Soriano C, Suberviola Cañas B, Taltavull B, Garnacho-Montero J, Oliver Palomo A, Oteo-Iglesias J; MURAN-UCI Spanish group. Revista: Microbiol Spectr. 2026 Feb 3;14(2):e0298725.

PUBMED DOI

Genomic analysis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causing infections in children-a Spanish multicenter study.

10. Genomic analysis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causing infections in children-a Spanish multicenter study. Autores: García-Cobos S, Seco Alberca N, Bravo-Queipo-de-Llano B, Casquero-García V, Ramírez de Arellano E, Calvo C, Ruíz-Carrascoso G, Falces-Romero I, Larrosa Escartín N, Viñado-Perez B, Martínez-López MÁ, Melendo Pérez S, Ruíz de Gopegui E, Pérez Vázquez S, Carrasco-Colom J, Aracil García B, Pérez-Vázquez M, Méndez-Echevarría A, Oteo Iglesias Revista: J. Front Microbiol. 2025 May 9;16:1534840.

PUBMED DOI

Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: Identification of IncL-VIM-1 Plasmid in Previously Non-Predominant Sequence Types.

13. Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: Identification of IncL-VIM-1 Plasmid in Previously Non-Predominant Sequence Types. Autores: Cañada-García JE, Ramírez de Arellano E, Jiménez-Orellana M, Viedma E, Sánchez A, Alhambra A, Villa J, Delgado-Iribarren A, Bautista V, Lara N, García-Cobos S, Aracil B, Cercenado E, Pérez-Vázquez M, Oteo-Iglesias J. Revista: Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Jan 6;12(1):107.

PUBMED DOI

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: Epidemiology outside Asian countries, antibiotic resistance association, methods of detection and clinical management

12. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: Epidemiology outside Asian countries, antibiotic resistance association, methods of detection and clinical management. Autores: García-Cobos S, Oteo-Iglesias J, Pérez-Vázquez M. Revista: Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed). 2025 Feb;43(2):102-109.

PUBMED DOI

Rapid cross-border emergence of NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2012 to June 2022

15. Rapid cross-border emergence of NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2012 to June 2022. Autores: Linkevicius M, Bonnin RA, Alm E, Svartström O, Apfalter P, Hartl R, Hasman H, Roer L, Räisänen K, Dortet L, Pfennigwerth N, Hans JB, Tóth Á, Buzgó L, Cormican M, Delappe N, Monaco M, Giufrè M, Hendrickx AP, Samuelsen Ø, Pöntinen AK, Caniça M, Manageiro V, Oteo-Iglesias J, Pérez-Vázquez M, Westmo K, Mäkitalo B, Palm D, Monnet DL, Kohlenberg A. Revista: Euro Surveill. 2023 May;28(19):2300209.

PUBMED DOI

Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca in Spain, 2016-2017.

18. Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca in Spain, 2016-2017. Autores: Pérez-Vazquez M, Oteo-Iglesias J, Sola-Campoy PJ, Carrizo-Manzoni H, Bautista V, Lara N, Aracil B, Alhambra A, Martínez-Martínez L, Campos J; Spanish Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Program Collaborating Group. Revista: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 May 24;63(6): e02529-18.

PUBMED DOI

Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae From Transplanted Patients in Brazil: Phylogeny, Resistome, Virulome and Mobile Genetic Elements Harboring blaKPC-2 or blaNDM-1.

16. Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae From Transplanted Patients in Brazil: Phylogeny, Resistome, Virulome and Mobile Genetic Elements Harboring blaKPC-2 or blaNDM-1. Autores: Raro OHF, da Silva RMC, Filho EMR, Sukiennik TCT, Stadnik C, Dias CAG, Oteo Iglesias J, Pérez-Vázquez M. Revista: Front Microbiol. 2020 Jul 15;11:1563.

PUBMED DOI

Dissemination of extensively drug-resistant NDM-producing Providencia stuartii in Europe linked to patients transferred from Ukraine, March 2022 to March 2023

17. Dissemination of extensively drug-resistant NDM-producing Providencia stuartii in Europe linked to patients transferred from Ukraine, March 2022 to March 2023. Autores: Witteveen S, Hans JB, Izdebski R, Hasman H, Samuelsen Ø, Dortet L, Pfeifer Y, Delappe N, Oteo-Iglesias J, Żabicka D, Cormican M, Sandfort M, Reichert F, Pöntinen AK, Fischer MA, Verkaik N, Pérez-Vazquez M, Pfennigwerth N, Hammerum AM, Hallstrøm S, Biedrzycka M, Räisänen K, Wielders CC, Urbanowicz P, de Haan A, Westmo K, Landman F, van der Heide HG, Lansu S, Zwittink RD, Notermans DW, Guzek A, Kondratiuk V, Salmanov A, Haller S, Linkevicius M, Gatermann S, Kohlenberg A, Gniadkowski M, Werner G, Hendrickx AP. Revista: Euro Surveill. 2024 Jun;29(23):2300616.

PUBMED DOI

Spread of the FAR-MRSA clone, a fusidic acid- and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST121, Europe, 2014 to 2024.

19. Spread of the FAR-MRSA clone, a fusidic acid- and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST121, Europe, 2014 to 2024. Autores: Roer L, Yin N, Denis O, Vendrik KE, Zwittink RD, Notermans DW, Perrin M, Khonyongwa K, Tristan A, Youenou B, Layer-Nicolaou F, Werner G, Enger H, Eikrem ECH, Darenberg J, Mäkitalo B, Paulsson M, Björkman J, Fang H, Hallbäck ET, Sundqvist M, Lindholm L, Moganeradj K, García-Cobos S, Cañada-García JE, Holzknecht BJ, Eriksen HB, Hoppe M, Bartels MD, Samaniego Castruita JA, Urth TR, Larsen AR, Petersen A. Revista: Euro Surveill. 2025 Jul;30(28):2500452.

DOI

Carbapenemase-producing Emergence of NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Spain: phylogeny, resistome, virulence and plasmids encoding blaNDM-like genes as determined by WGS. aeruginosa in Spain: interregional dissemination of the high risk-clones ST175 and ST244 carrying blaVIM-2, blaVIM-1, blaIMP-8, blaVIM-20 and blaKPC-2

14. Emergence of NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Spain: phylogeny, resistome, virulence and plasmids encoding blaNDM-like genes as determined by WGS. Autores: Pérez-Vázquez M, Sola Campoy PJ, Ortega A, Bautista V, Monzón S, Ruiz-Carrascoso G, Mingorance J, González-Barberá EM, Gimeno C, Aracil B, Sáez D, Lara N, Fernández S, González-López JJ, Campos J, Kingsley RA, Dougan G, Oteo-Iglesias J; Spanish NDM Study Group. Revista: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019 Dec 1;74(12):3489-3496.

PUBMED DOI

Content with Investigacion Retrovirus .

List of staff

Additional Information

This group constitutes the National Poliovirus Laboratory (Polio Eradication Plan), integrated into the European network WHO/EURO Polio Laboratory Network and coordinating, in turn, the National Network of Laboratories for the study of paralysis cases in Research on enterovirus and parechovirus infections in the pediatric population has been funded since 2013 through research projects (PI PI12/00904; PI15CIII/00020; PI18CIII/00017), of which María Cabrerizo is PI and in which epidemiologists (CNE) and pediatricians and microbiologists from more than 20 SNS hospitals participate. 

The PI belongs to the consolidated research group RITIP-IdiPaz and CIBERESP. Since 1999, the group has been carrying out the virological study of environmental samples (wastewater and treated water) from the CAM, through a contract with the CYII. Finally, the group is responsible for the diagnosis and characterization of gastrointestinal infections caused by viruses (norovirus, rotavirus and others) and for the investigation of outbreaks (CS of the CNM).

This group constitutes the National Poliovirus Laboratory (Polio Eradication Plan), integrated into the European network WHO/EURO Polio Laboratory Network and coordinating, in turn, the National Network of Laboratories for the study of paralysis cases in Research on enterovirus and parechovirus infections in the pediatric population has been funded since 2013 through research projects (PI PI12/00904; PI15CIII/00020; PI18CIII/00017), of which María Cabrerizo is PI and in which epidemiologists (CNE) and pediatricians and microbiologists from more than 20 SNS hospitals participate. 

The PI belongs to the consolidated research group RITIP-IdiPaz and CIBERESP. Since 1999, the group has been carrying out the virological study of environmental samples (wastewater and treated water) from the CAM, through a contract with the CYII. Finally, the group is responsible for the diagnosis and characterization of gastrointestinal infections caused by viruses (norovirus, rotavirus and others) and for the investigation of outbreaks (CS of the CNM).

Content with Investigacion Retrovirus .