Immunobiology
Research Lines
Content with Investigacion .
Patogénesis e inmunidad viral
A) Desarrollo de metodología point of care frente a hepatitis virales en el reservorio del VIH
El tratamiento precoz de las hepatitis virales reduce el deterioro progresivo del hígado y evita el trasplante hepático. Resulta esencial disponer de métodos diagnóstico rápido, sencillos y coste-efectivos, para el cribado, en la vigilancia epidemiológica y el diagnóstico virológico temprano de enfermedades virales hepáticas. Línea de investigación llevada a cabo en colaboración con el Dr. Ricardo Madrid (BioAssays S.L).
B) Impacto de la coinfección y eliminación de las hepatitis virales en el reservorio del VIH
La coinfección por el VHC impacta en el reservorio del VIH, principal obstáculo para eliminar esta infección. Se realizan distintos abordajes del estudio del reservorio del VIH en pacientes VIH+ con distinta exposición al VHC, y tras su eliminación espontánea o con antivirales de acción directa, con el objetivo de identificar y proponer nuevas estrategias de eliminación/curación del VIH. Esta línea de Investigación se desarrolla en el seno del Grupo Multidisciplinar COVIHEP (COinfección por VIH y HEPatitis).
C) Identificación de marcadores de senescencia inducida por virus y estrategias paliativas
Las infecciones virales inducen una senescencia acelerada cuyo impacto afecta a la evolución de la enfermedad y a posibles comorbilidades. Nuestro objetivo es profundizar en los mecanismos que desencadenan la inmunosenescencia y estrés oxidativo asociado a infecciones virales e identificar nuevas estrategias terapéuticas que palien el envejecimiento prematuro en estos pacientes.
D) Impacto de SARS-CoV-2 en la infección por el VIH y hepatitis virales
Se desconocen las complicaciones a largo plazo de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en personas que viven con VIH y/o hepatitis virales que podrían experimentar un desarrollo clínico de la enfermedad más desfavorable. La identificación de biomarcadores de gravedad no invasivos (como en sangre/plasma) resulta de especial interés en estos pacientes.
E) Origen y Epidemiología de la enfermedad hepática
Estudio del origen y la dinámica de transmisión espacio-temporal de los virus hepáticos, clave para el entendimiento de su evolución y propagación, así como en el análisis de la carga global de las enfermedades, lo que podría ayudar a desarrollar programas de Salud Pública encaminados a prevenir y frenar su transmisión.
F) Impacto de la viremia de bajo grado del VIH
Se desconoce tanto el origen como los mecanismos de la viremia de bajo grado, presente entre el 3 y 16% que las personas que viven con VIH. Su presencia podría desembocar en un mayor riesgo de sufrir comorbilidades relacionadas con enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer y trastornos metabólicos.
G) Calidad del aire y su impacto en poblaciones vulnerables
La contaminación del aire agrava las patologías infecciosas y la salud cardiovascular y respiratoria. La evolución de la enfermedad en personas con enfermedades crónicas con VIH y hepatitis puede verse agravada tras la inhalación continua de contaminantes ambientales. Línea de investigación llevada a cabo en colaboración con el CNSA y el CNE del ISCIII.
H) Coinfección por VHE y protistas entéricos en el reservorio humano y animal: vigilancia e investigación
La coinfección entre virus y protistas entéricos podría influir en la cotransmisión y patogenicidad de dichas especies. Línea de investigación, bajo el concepto “One Health” que se centra en la vigilancia y estudio de la coinfección del VHE y protistas entéricos. Colaboración con el grupo multidisciplinar COHEPROEN (COinfección HEpatitis y PROtistas ENtéricos).
Research projects
Content with Investigacion .
A) Proyectos de investigación financiados en los últimos 10 años
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Como investigadora principal
1. Impact of long-tem HCV eradication on HIV infection: integration of Immune-virologic HIV markers, host transcriptome, and plasma microbiome data. Ministerio de Ciencia (Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento 2021). Expediente: PID2021-126781OB-I00 financiado por por MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 y por FEDER, UE Septiembre 2022 - agosto 2025. 157.300€.
2. Identificación de biomarcadores inmunológicos asociados a las infecciones virales crónicas hepatitis C y VIH relacionados con la infección por SARS-COV-2 y su pronóstico. Consejo de Educación e Investigación. Comunidad de Madrid. Doctorados Industriales. Expediente: IND2020/BMD-17373. 2021-2024. 150.000€.
3. Impacto de la erradicación y aclaramiento del VHC con los nuevos antivirales de acción directa, en pacientes coinfectados VIH/VHC en el reservorio VIH en sangre periférica y sistema inmune. Organismo Financiador: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (ISCIII). Expediente: PI18CIII/00020. 2019-2021. 154.000€.
4. Desarrollo de un sistema de diagnóstico in vitro para la determinación del virus de la Hepatitis C mediante nanosondas. Organismo Financiador: Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Doctorados Industriales. Expediente: IND2017/BMD7683. 2018-2020. 128.000€.
5. Validación preclínica de un nuevo método de diagnóstico in vitro para la determinación de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C en humanos. Organismo financiador: BioAssays SL. Expediente: MVP-325/19. 2019-2023. 193.400€.
6. Estudio del reservorio VIH en sangre periférica y su relación con la infección por VHC, sistema inmune y perfil de microARNs. Organismo Financiador: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (ISCIII). Expediente: PI15CIII/00031. 2016-2018. 154.000€.
7. Development of a cell-based assay to characterize resistance mutations and drug susceptibility to protease inhibitors against hepatitis C virus and evaluation in vivo as predictors of failure. Organismo Financiador: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (ISCIII). Expediente: CP13/00098. 2014-2016. 120.000€.
- Como investigadora asociada
1. URBANOME (Urban Observatory for Multi-participatory Enhancement of Health and Wellbeing). IP: Saúl García Dos Santos-Alves. Agencia Financiadora: Horizon 2020 H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020 / H2020-SC1-2020-Two-Stage-RTDework. Call topic: Innovative actions for improving urban health and wellbeing - addressing environment, climate and socioeconomic factors". Expediente: 945391. 01/04/2021 - 01/04/2025. 268.000 €.
2. Antibiotics, hormones, persistent and mobile organic contaminants and pathogens, the complex mixture in agriculture and livestock scenario. Risk to health or natural attenuation? (Nat4Health). IP: Ana de Santiago y Raffaella Meffe. Agencia Financiadora: Ministerio de ciencia e Innovación. Convocatoria: Proyectos I+D+i 2020. Modalidad: Retos Investigación. Expediente: PID2020-118521RB-I00. 01/09/2021 - 01/09/2025. 170.000 €.
3. Inmunopatogenía del VIH. Red Temática De Investigación Cooperativa (RIS). Expediente: RD16CIII/00025. IP: Salvador Resino. (Instituto de Salud Carlos III). 01/01/2017-06/03/2022. 250.000 €.
4. Efectos de la erradicación del VHC en pacientes con cirrosis avanzada por VHC. Una aproximación traslacional. Investigador principal: Salvador Resino García. Organismo Financiador: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (ISCIII). Expediente: PI14/CIII/00011. 2016-2018. 154.000 €.
5. Desarrollo y mecanismo de acción de dendrímeros como microbicidas para frenar la infección por el VIH por transmisión sexual (vaginal y anal): prueba de concepto. IP: Mª Angeles Muñoz Fernández. Organismo Financiador: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (ISCIII). Expediente: PI13/02016. 2014-2016. 180.000 €.
6. Peptides-associated dendrimers in dendritic cells for the development of new nano-HIV vaccines. DENPEPTHIV. EuroNanoMed. IP: Mª Angeles Muñoz Fernández. Organismo financiador: Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Proyectos al amparo del Espacio Europeo de Investigación dentro del VII Programa Europeo. FP7 Cooperation Work Programme: Health-2010. Expediente: PS09102669. 2010-2013. 220.000 €.
Publications
Isolation of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Specific T-Cells with Specific Viral Cytotoxic Activity for Adoptive Therapy of COVID-19. García-Ríos, E.; Leivas, A.; Mancebo, F.J.; Sánchez-Vega, L.; Lanzarot, D.; Aguado, J.M.; Martínez-López, J.; Paciello, M.L.; Pérez-Romero, P. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 630. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10030630.
Isolation of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Specific T-Cells with Specific Viral Cytotoxic Activity for Adoptive Therapy of COVID-19. García-Ríos, E.; Leivas, A.; Mancebo, F.J.; Sánchez-Vega, L.; Lanzarot, D.; Aguado, J.M.; Martínez-López, J.; Paciello, M.L.; Pérez-Romero, P. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 630. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10030630.
Deciphering the Potential Coding of Human Cytomegalovirus: New Predicted Transmembrane Proteome. Mancebo, F.J., Parras-Moltó, M., García-Ríos, E., Pérez-Romero, P. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(5), 2768. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052768.
Deciphering the Potential Coding of Human Cytomegalovirus: New Predicted Transmembrane Proteome. Mancebo, F.J., Parras-Moltó, M., García-Ríos, E., Pérez-Romero, P. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(5), 2768. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052768.
Detection of cytomegalovirus drug resistance mutations in solid organ transplant recipients with suspected resistance
Cross-Recognition of SARS-CoV-2 B-Cell Epitopes with Other Betacoronavirus Nucleoproteins. Tajuelo, A.; López-Siles, M.; Más, V.; Pérez-Romero, P.; Aguado, J.M.; Briz, V.; McConnell, M.J.; Martín-Galiano, A.J.; López, D. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 2977. doi: 10.3390/ijms23062977.
PUBMEDDetection of cytomegalovirus drug resistance mutations in solid organ transplant recipients with suspected resistance
Immunogenicity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Arroyo-Sánchez D, Cabrera-Marante O, Laguna-Goya R, Almendro-Vázquez P, Carretero O, Gil-Etayo FJ, Suàrez-Fernández P, Pérez-Romero, P, Rodríguez de Frías E, Serrano A, Allende LM, Pleguezuelo D, Paz-Artal E. J Clin Immunol. 2022 Feb;42(2):240-252. doi: 10.1007/s10875-021-01174-5. PMID: 34787773.
PUBMEDOptimization of a Lambda-RED Recombination Method for Rapid Gene Deletion in Human Cytomegalovirus
Optimization of a Lambda-RED Recombination Method for Rapid Gene Deletion in Human Cytomegalovirus. García-Ríos E, Gata-de-Benito J, López-Siles M, McConnell MJ, Pérez-Romero, P. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 29;22(19):10558. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910558. PMID: 34638896.
PUBMEDCirculatory follicular helper T lymphocytes associate with lower incidence of CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients
Circulatory follicular helper T lymphocytes associate with lower incidence of CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients. Suàrez-Fernández P, Utrero-Rico A, Sandonis V, García-Ríos E, Arroyo-Sánchez D, Fernández-Ruiz M, Andrés A, Polanco N, González-Cuadrado C, Almendro-Vázquez P, Pérez-Romero P, Aguado JM, Paz-Artal E, Laguna-Goya R. Am J Transplant. 2021 Dec;21(12):3946-3957. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16725. PMID: 34153157.
PUBMEDIs It Feasible to Use CMV-Specific T-Cell Adoptive Transfer as Treatment Against Infection in SOT Recipients?
Is It Feasible to Use CMV-Specific T-Cell Adoptive Transfer as Treatment Against Infection in SOT Recipients? García-Ríos E, Nuévalos M, Mancebo FJ, Pérez-Romero P. Front Immunol. 2021 Apr 23;12:657144. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657144. PMID: 33968058.
PUBMEDCytotoxic cell populations developed during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors protect autologous CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infection
Cytotoxic cell populations developed during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors protect autologous CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infection. Vigón L, Rodríguez-Mora S, Luna A, Sandonís V, Mateos E, Bautista G, Steegmann JL, Climent N, Plana M, Pérez-Romero P, de Ory F, Alcamí J, García-Gutierrez V, Planelles V, López-Huertas MR, Coiras M. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Aug 20;182:114203. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114203. PMID: 32828803
PUBMEDRole of Neutralizing Antibodies in CMV Infection: Implications for New Therapeutic Approaches
Role of Neutralizing Antibodies in CMV Infection: Implications for New Therapeutic Approaches. Sandonís V, García-Ríos E, McConnell MJ, Pérez-Romero P.Sandonís V, et al. Trends Microbiol. 2020 Nov;28(11):900-912. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.04.003. PMID: 32448762 Review.
PUBMEDPre-existing Hemagglutinin Stalk Antibodies Correlate with Protection of Lower Respiratory Symptoms in Flu-Infected Transplant Patients
Pre-existing Hemagglutinin Stalk Antibodies Correlate with Protection of Lower Respiratory Symptoms in Flu-Infected Transplant Patients. Aydillo T, Escalera A, Strohmeier S, Aslam S, Sanchez-Cespedes J, Ayllon J, Roca-Oporto C, Pérez-Romero P, Montejo M, Gavalda J, Munoz P, Lopez-Medrano F, Carratala J, Krammer F, García-Sastre A, Cordero E. Cell Rep Med. 2020 Nov 3;1(8):100130. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100130. PMID: 33294855
PUBMEDEffect of Influenza Vaccination Inducing Antibody Mediated Rejection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Cordero E, Bulnes-Ramos A, Aguilar-Guisado M, González Escribano F, Olivas I, Torre-Cisneros J, Gavaldá J, Aydillo T, Moreno A, Montejo M, Fariñas MC, Carratalá J, Muñoz P, Blanes M, Fortún J, Suárez-Benjumea A, López-Medrano F, Roca C, Lara R, Pérez-Romero P. Front Immunol. 2020 Oct 6;11:1917. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01917. PMID: 33123119
Effect of Influenza Vaccination Inducing Antibody Mediated Rejection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Cordero E, Bulnes-Ramos A, Aguilar-Guisado M, González Escribano F, Olivas I, Torre-Cisneros J, Gavaldá J, Aydillo T, Moreno A, Montejo M, Fariñas MC, Carratalá J, Muñoz P, Blanes M, Fortún J, Suárez-Benjumea A, López-Medrano F, Roca C, Lara R, Pérez-Romero P. Front Immunol. 2020 Oct 6;11:1917. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01917. PMID: 33123119
Humoral response to natural influenza infection in solid organ transplant recipients
Humoral response to natural influenza infection in solid organ transplant recipients. Hirzel C, Ferreira VH, L'Huillier AG, Hoschler K, Cordero E, Limaye AP, Englund JA, Reid G, Humar A, Kumar D; Influenza in Transplant Study Group.Hirzel C, et al. Am J Transplant. 2019 Aug;19(8):2318-2328. doi: 10.1111/ajt.15296. Epub 2019 Mar 18.Am J Transplant. 2019. PMID: 30748090 Clinical Trial.
PUBMEDA 5-Year Prospective Multicenter Evaluation of Influenza Infection in Transplant Recipients
A 5-Year Prospective Multicenter Evaluation of Influenza Infection in Transplant Recipients. Kumar D, Ferreira VH, Blumberg E, Silveira F, Cordero E, Perez-Romero P, Aydillo T, Danziger-Isakov L, Limaye AP, Carratala J, Munoz P, Montejo M, Lopez-Medrano F, Farinas MC, Gavalda J, Moreno A, Levi M, Fortun J, Torre-Cisneros J, Englund JA, Natori Y, Husain S, Reid G, Sharma TS, Humar A.Kumar D, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 15;67(9):1322-1329. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy294.Clin Infect Dis. 2018. PMID: 29635437 Clinical Trial.
PUBMEDImpact of pretransplant CMV-specific T-cell immune response in the control of CMV infection after solid organ transplantation: a prospective cohort study
Impact of pretransplant CMV-specific T-cell immune response in the control of CMV infection after solid organ transplantation: a prospective cohort study. Molina-Ortega A, Martín-Gandul C, Mena-Romo JD, Rodríguez-Hernández MJ, Suñer M, Bernal C, Sánchez M, Sánchez-Céspedes J, Pérez Romero P, Cordero E.Molina-Ortega A, et al. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019 Jun;25(6):753-758. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.09.019. PMID: 30292792 Clinical Trial.
PUBMEDTwo Doses of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Improve Immune Response in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Results of TRANSGRIPE 1-2, a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
Two Doses of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Improve Immune Response in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Results of TRANSGRIPE 1-2, a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Cordero E, Roca-Oporto C, Bulnes-Ramos A, Aydillo T, Gavaldà J, Moreno A, Torre-Cisneros J, Montejo JM, Fortun J, Muñoz P, Sabé N, Fariñas MC, Blanes-Julia M, López-Medrano F, Suárez-Benjumea A, Martinez-Atienza J, Rosso-Fernández C, Pérez-Romero P. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Apr 1;64(7):829-838. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw855.Clin Infect Dis. 2017. PMID: 28362949 Clinical Trial.
PUBMEDUse of antibodies neutralizing epithelial cell infection to diagnose patients at risk for CMV Disease after transplantation
Use of antibodies neutralizing epithelial cell infection to diagnose patients at risk for CMV Disease after transplantation. Blanco-Lobo P, Cordero E, Martín-Gandul C, Gentil MA, Suárez-Artacho G, Sobrino M, Aznar J, Pérez-Romero P.Blanco-Lobo P, et al. J Infect. 2016 May;72(5):597-607. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.02.008. Epub 2016 Feb 24.J Infect. 2016. PMID: 26920791 Clinical Trial.
PUBMEDIdentification and Analysis of Unstructured, Linear B-Cell Epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 Virion Proteins for Vaccine Development
Identification and Analysis of Unstructured, Linear B-Cell Epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 Virion Proteins for Vaccine Development. Corral-Lugo A, López-Siles M, López D, McConnell MJ, Martin-Galiano AJ. Vaccines. 2020 Jul 20;8(3):397. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030397.
PUBMEDUsing Omics Technologies and Systems Biology to Identify Epitope Targets for the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Using Omics Technologies and Systems Biology to Identify Epitope Targets for the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Martín-Galiano AJ, McConnell MJ.Front Immunol. 2019 Dec 10;10:2841. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02841. eCollection 2019.
PUBMEDA lipopolysaccharide-free outer membrane vesicle vaccine protects against Acinetobacter baumannii infection
A lipopolysaccharide-free outer membrane vesicle vaccine protects against Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Pulido MR, García-Quintanilla M, Pachón J, McConnell MJ.Vaccine. 2020 Jan 22;38(4):719-724. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.043.
PUBMEDA Live Salmonella Vaccine Delivering PcrV through the Type III Secretion System Protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
A Live Salmonella Vaccine Delivering PcrV through the Type III Secretion System Protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aguilera-Herce J, García-Quintanilla M, Romero-Flores R, McConnell MJ, Ramos-Morales F. mSphere. 2019 Apr 17;4(2):e00116-19. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00116-19.
PUBMEDContent with Investigacion .
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Javier García Pérez
Investigador Doctor
ORCID code: 0000-0001-7551-7803
Graduated in Biochemistry (1999) and Molecular Biology (2000) from the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), he obtained a predoctoral fellowship “ISCIII” in the AIDS Immunopathology laboratory, where he developed new techniques based on recombinant viruses. His doctoral thesis focused on the application of this technological development to the study of the replicative capacity of HIV-1 and its resistance to antiretroviral drugs, obtaining the degree of Doctor of Science from the UAM in 2007.
Thanks to a short postdoc in 2008 and several stays between 2009 and 2015 at the Viral Pathogenesis Unit of the Institut Pasteur in Paris he extended his training in the study of HIV-1 envelope and tropism. Between 2015 and 2019 he rejoins the AIDS Immunopathology Unit at ISCIII, focusing his work on the study of the functional capacity of founder viruses, as well as variants of the virus with interest in Public Health due to its recent expansion in our country. He is currently leading a project on the study of a mutation in transportin 3 observed in patients with a very rare muscular dystrophy (LGMDD2) that confers protection against HIV-1 infection.
During the last 5 years he combines this activity in HIV-1 with the participation and leadership of different clinical trials and studies investigating the immunity generated in people vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Since 2024 he is a “Investigador Doctor fuera de Convenio” at the Spanish National Centre of Microbiology and he currently coordinates together with Dr. Francisco Díez Fuertes the AIDS Immunopathology Unit.
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Francisco Díez Fuertes
Investigador Doctor Indefinido
ORCID code: 0000-0003-2413-9229
Degree in Biology from the University of León, PhD specialized in molecular virology from the Complutense University of Madrid in 2010 and master's degree in bioinformatics and computational biology from the same university in 2012. He has done research stays at University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (USA) in 2010, Nebraska Center for Virology (USA) in 2011, Institut Pasteur (France) in 2013 and J. Craig Venter Institute (USA) in 2015-2016.
He joined the AIDS Immunopathology Unit in 2013 with a contract from the “Sara Borrell” postdoctoral program. After a period at the August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute in Barcelona he rejoins the AIDS Immunopathology Unit in 2020 as a PhD researcher.
His lines of research have focused on the genomic and transcriptomic characterization of extreme phenotypes in HIV-1 infection, including long-term non-progressors and elite controllers. He collaborates with other laboratories of the center in the analysis of outbreaks caused by viruses with interest in Public Health, as well as in evolutionary studies on genomic epidemiology. Since 2020 he has led different clinical studies on COVID-19. Currently, he combines omics sciences with different bioinformatics tools to answer different scientific questions in the field of virology, especially in HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 research. He currently coordinates together with Dr. Javier García Pérez the AIDS Immunopathology Unit.
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Nuria González Fernández
Investigadora Contratada indefinida
ORCID code: 0000-0002-0087-5144
She completed her PhD in 2007 (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), focused on the development of an envelope recombinant virus system to characterize HIV-1 tropism, as well as on the study of the role of the chemokine CXCL12 in virus propagation at the infectious synapse. Part of this work was carried out in the laboratory of Dr. Quentin Sattentau at the University of Oxford.
During her postdoctoral period, she expanded her research on the mechanisms of HIV entry and specialized in the study of the neutralizing response. She developed a system to measure neutralizing activity, which has been used in clinical trials of HIV vaccine candidates. During a stay at the Vaccine Research Center, NIH (USA), she acquired experience in various techniques for the characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies, leading to new collaborations and research projects, which she is currently developing in the AIDS Immunopathology Unit of the Carlos III Health Institute.
She has participated in research networks such as EAVI2020 (co-PI), CIBERINFEC, RIS and EUROPRISE (EU). Since 2014 she is a professor of the Master in Microbiology applied to Public Health and Infectious Diseases Research at the University of the University of Alcalá and, since 2023, of the Master in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection at the University Rey Juan Carlos.
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Mercedes Bermejo Herrero
Investigadora post-doctoral contratada
ORCID code: 0000-0001-9909-8578
Degree and PhD in Biological Sciences (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) from the Autonoma University of Madrid. Her doctoral thesis studied the expression of CXCR4 and SDF-1/CXCL12 in lymphocytes and dendritic cells and their implications in HIV-1 infection.
She has completed internships in various laboratories: the Immunology Department of the Gregorio Marañón University Hospital in Madrid, the Research Center of the 12 de Octubre University Hospital in Madrid (where she was head of the flow cytometry service) and is currently at the CNM (National Research Center) of the Carlos III Health Institute.
Her research interests have focused on the study of HIV biology and its interaction with the immune system. She has currently participated in clinical trials, CombiVacs and ENE-Covid Senior, and in collaboration with Hipra.
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Rubén Ayala Suárez
Técnico Superior Especializado OPI
ORCID code: 0000-0002-1271-646.
Graduated in Biotechnology from the University of Cadiz (2015), Master in Microbiology of Infectious Diseases (2016) and PhD in Functional Biology from the University of Alcalá (2023). He carried out his PhD Thesis at the AIDS Immunopathology laboratory (CNM) on post-translational epigenetic mechanisms of natural control of HIV infection. In the same period, he completed a Diploma in Bioinformatics at Pablo de Olavide University (2021).
In 2023 he joined as a postdoctoral researcher in the HIV and AIDS research group at the August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (Barcelona), where he worked on the relationship of HIV and senescence until his incorporation as a Técnico Superior Especializado in the AIDS Immunopathology unit of the Spanish National Center of Microbiology (ISCIII) in 2025.
The main research projects in which he participates focus on resistance and natural control to HIV infection, as well as the evaluation of the immune response in vaccine trials, using mainly bioinformatics techniques focused on massive sequencing (RNA-Seq, single-cell, genome sequencing), the application of biostatistics and machine learning in data management.
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Almudena Cascajero Díaz
Técnico de laboratorio
ORCID code: 0000-0002-9654-3100
Técnico Superior de Actividades Técnicas y Profesionales (Unidades de Inmunopatología del SIDA y Legionella, Centro Nacional de Microbiología). Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Technician by IES Renacimiento de Madrid.
Experience in cloning techniques and characterization of neutralizing antibodies and participation in different projects on the pathogenesis of HIV by studying the viral envelope and the mechanisms of resistance to antiretroviral drugs. This experience has subsequently allowed me to participate in 5 multicenter clinical studies studying the immune response against different variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Since 2021, I also participate as a laboratory technician in the Legionella Unit as a support to the Spanish National Health System through the microbiological surveillance of the disease to contribute to the prevention and control of legionellosis.
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Manuela Beltrán Vicente
Técnico de Laboratorio Indefinido
ORCID code: 0000-0001-6185-2280
Senior Technician of Technical and Professional Activities (AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Spanish National Center of Microbiology).
Clinical Analysis Laboratory Specialist Technician by IES Las Musas (Madrid, 1996). Demonstrated experience in the development of strategies against HIV, focused on the screening of compounds of both natural and synthetic origin with antiviral activity and identification and evaluation of potential therapeutic agents, as well as the screening of serological samples for the study of immunity for the identification of possible strategies for the development of vaccines against HIV. -

Silvia Jara Herrera
Técnico de Laboratorio Contratado CIBERINFEC
ORCID code: 0009-0001-2842-2040
Clinical and Biomedical Diagnostic Laboratory Technician.
She is currently working in the AIDS Immunopathology Unit of the Spanish National Center of Microbiology (ISCIII) with a contract through the Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFEC).
She worked from March 2020 to September 2024 at the Department of Animal Health (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine) of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
She has experience in serological techniques (ELISA, Western Blot and IFA), cell culture and molecular biology.
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Irene Díaz Marín
Técnico de laboratorio contratado
Clinical and Biomedical Diagnostics laboratory technician by CIFP Politécnico de Murcia-CESUR and graduated in Journalism from the Complutense University of Madrid.
She is currently at the AIDS Immunopathology Unit of the Spanish National Center of Microbiology with a contract of the “Garantía Juvenil” program (Community of Madrid), where she performs technical tasks in several research projects about HIV-1 and COVID-19.
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Laura Capa Muñoz
Investigadora post-doctoral contratada
ORCID code: 0000-0002-0234-331X
Degree in Biological Sciences from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and PhD from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, she has a master's degree in AIDS (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) and a master's degree in HIV infection (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid).
Professional activity developed mainly in the study of infectious diseases, both in the field of basic research in public research centers and in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as in the field of public health and scientific management. She has worked in the international response to the HIV pandemic, representing the Ministry of Health as an expert in meetings of the European Commission and collaborated with the WHO. At the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, she has led the scientific management of national and European projects in the AIDS Immunopathology Unit and has been part of the Institute's Data Protection Working Group. Currently, she continues to coordinate the Cohort of Long-Term Non-Progressing Patients created by the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS), is part of the coordination team of the PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences and Public Health IMIENS-UNED-ISCIII and of the Institute's Working Group on Equality.
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José Alcamí Pertejo
Profesor de Investigación
ORCID code: 0000-0003-0023-7377
Degree in Medicine from the Universidad Autónoma and Doctor of Medicine from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Specialist in Internal Medicine at Hospital 12 de Octubre (1982-1986). Training in immunology by means of a Research Staff grant (1986-1988). Research associate at the Viral Immunology Unit of the Pasteur Institute in Paris (1988-1992) where he obtained a Master in Immunopathology from the Institute. Research Professor since 2015, he directed the AIDS Immunopathology Unit at the National Microbiology Center since 2000. Coordinator since 2003 of the Spanish AIDS Research Network, he participates as group leader in European networks of excellence whose objective is the development of new vaccines, drugs and microbicides against HIV/AIDS: EUROPRISE, AIM-HIV, CHAARM and EAVI2020. Since 2019 he has been the Scientific Director of the HIV Unit at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. He has been Professor of Immunology and Virology at the European University of Madrid between 2012 and 2014 and Director of the Master in Public Health and Research in Infectious Diseases at the University of Alcalá de Henares from 2014 to 2023.
Author of more than 200 scientific articles in high impact journals such as Nature, Nature Reviews in Microbiology, Nature Medicine, Lancet and Journal of Clinical Investigation and more than 80 chapters in books. Scientific disseminator through his YouTube channel and on the X platform. He has been principal investigator of more than 50 research projects, including European projects and an American NIH project.
Consultant for FIS and ANEP since 1992, member of the scientific council of the French Evaluation Agency in AIDS between 2008 and 2014, evaluator of EU FP6, FP7 and H2020 programs, member of the external scientific council of the Global Health Institute (Hospital Ramón y Cajal), scientific collaborator of the EMA and AEMPS where he has been part of the biotechnology, antivirals and vaccines committees. Scientific member of the EU Vaccelerate consortium and associate editor of the Journal of Virology, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology and HIV medicine.
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Paloma Jiménez Santana
Técnico de laboratorio contratado
List of staff
Additional Information
Doctoral theses
“Expression and functionality of tlr2 and tlr4 in lymphomyeloid populations present in the lung and lymphoid organs during embryonic and neonatal life in mouse models.” Carolina Ruiz Sánchez. Complutense University of Madrid, 2022
Master's thesis
Detection and characterization of extracellular vesicles of platelet origin in lung supernatants from SPN-infected animals. Marta Paris, Alcalá University, 2024
Study of TLR-dependent activation in the RAW 264.7 macrophage line. Iñigo Merino de Saracho, Alcalá University, 2023
Study of the functionality of TLR receptors in the lung and other lymphoid organs in B cell populations using the neonatal mouse model. Yolanda Campanero, Alcalá University, 2023
Exploratory study of T lymphoid progenitors in the neonatal mouse lung. Alejandro Arrabal, Complutense University of Madrid, 2022
Study of B lymphoid differentiation in mice deficient for CD5 and CD6 molecules. Cristina Martín, Alcalá University, 2022
Role of platelets and their progenitor cells in two animal models of infection: SPN and RSV. Ana de Lucas Rius, Alcalá University, 2020
Pilot study of RSV infection in the mouse model: cellular phenotype of myeloid and lymphoid populations in the lung in two animal models of infection: SPN and RSV. Juan Antonio Martín Quesada, Alcalá University, 2020
B cell response during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Eva Castro, 2020
Study of the hematopoietic potential of neonatal lung cells in the mouse model. Ana Cogollo García, Alcalá University, 2018
Innate immune response to S. pneumoniae in the lung. Rodrigo Sánchez, Complutense University of Madrid, 2018
Neonatal immunity in the mouse model: localization and function of the innate and adaptive response. Alba Ezequiel Fernández, Alcalá University, 2017
Characterization of immunoglobulin gene diversity in the mouse model of TLR4 homeostasis and activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Cristina García Caballero, Alcalá University, 2017
Altered lymphopoiesis and splenic B cell subsets on Telomerase Activity Deficient Mice (TERC-/-). Juliana Manosalva, Complutense University of Madrid, 2017
Study of the Immune Response in Nasopharyngeal Washings of Infants with Bronchiolitis. Isabel Martín Barrios, Complutense University of Madrid, 2016
Dynamics of B1-REL lymphocytes in the in vivo immunization model with DNP-LPS. Inmaculada Sanz Ramos University Alcalá, 2015
Megakaryocyte differentiation pathways in the mouse model. Marta Cobos Briz, Alcalá University, 2015
Role of megakaryocytes in infectious processes. Melania Guerrero Hue, Complutense University of Madrid, 2015
Final degree projects
Study of new bacterial vaccines in the mouse (Mus musculus) infection model due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Alejandro Arrabal, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 2021
Megakaryocytes and platelets in SPN respiratory infection: Role of TLR4. Óscar González Hervás, Complutense University of Madrid, 2021
Study of the immune response mediated by pseudo-innate B lymphocytes against TLR4-dependent immunization models. Rodrigo Sánchez, Complutense University of Madrid, 2017.
Study of the diversity in the immunoglobulin repertoire in healthy individuals. Isabel Martín, Francisco de Vitoria University, 2015.
Dynamics of hematopoietic populations in the perinatal spleen. Inmaculada Sanz, Alcalá University, 2014
Teaching in training courses
Training course: Introduction to Flow Cytometry (from 2015 to present)
Training Course: Flow Cytometry Data Analysis (2018 to present)
Outreach / Citizen Science
• Collaboration in the 4th+Company CAM program.
• Collaboration with the ISCIII Scientific Culture Unit in Science Week at the ISCIII
• Scientific Dissemination Project "Talking about Science", carried out in Majadahonda primary, secondary and high school schools, since 2015 in collaboration with the Department of Education and Youth of the Majadahonda City Council: “How your Immune System works and healthy lifestyle habits to take care of it”
Doctoral theses
“Expression and functionality of tlr2 and tlr4 in lymphomyeloid populations present in the lung and lymphoid organs during embryonic and neonatal life in mouse models.” Carolina Ruiz Sánchez. Complutense University of Madrid, 2022
Master's thesis
Detection and characterization of extracellular vesicles of platelet origin in lung supernatants from SPN-infected animals. Marta Paris, Alcalá University, 2024
Study of TLR-dependent activation in the RAW 264.7 macrophage line. Iñigo Merino de Saracho, Alcalá University, 2023
Study of the functionality of TLR receptors in the lung and other lymphoid organs in B cell populations using the neonatal mouse model. Yolanda Campanero, Alcalá University, 2023
Exploratory study of T lymphoid progenitors in the neonatal mouse lung. Alejandro Arrabal, Complutense University of Madrid, 2022
Study of B lymphoid differentiation in mice deficient for CD5 and CD6 molecules. Cristina Martín, Alcalá University, 2022
Role of platelets and their progenitor cells in two animal models of infection: SPN and RSV. Ana de Lucas Rius, Alcalá University, 2020
Pilot study of RSV infection in the mouse model: cellular phenotype of myeloid and lymphoid populations in the lung in two animal models of infection: SPN and RSV. Juan Antonio Martín Quesada, Alcalá University, 2020
B cell response during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Eva Castro, 2020
Study of the hematopoietic potential of neonatal lung cells in the mouse model. Ana Cogollo García, Alcalá University, 2018
Innate immune response to S. pneumoniae in the lung. Rodrigo Sánchez, Complutense University of Madrid, 2018
Neonatal immunity in the mouse model: localization and function of the innate and adaptive response. Alba Ezequiel Fernández, Alcalá University, 2017
Characterization of immunoglobulin gene diversity in the mouse model of TLR4 homeostasis and activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Cristina García Caballero, Alcalá University, 2017
Altered lymphopoiesis and splenic B cell subsets on Telomerase Activity Deficient Mice (TERC-/-). Juliana Manosalva, Complutense University of Madrid, 2017
Study of the Immune Response in Nasopharyngeal Washings of Infants with Bronchiolitis. Isabel Martín Barrios, Complutense University of Madrid, 2016
Dynamics of B1-REL lymphocytes in the in vivo immunization model with DNP-LPS. Inmaculada Sanz Ramos University Alcalá, 2015
Megakaryocyte differentiation pathways in the mouse model. Marta Cobos Briz, Alcalá University, 2015
Role of megakaryocytes in infectious processes. Melania Guerrero Hue, Complutense University of Madrid, 2015
Final degree projects
Study of new bacterial vaccines in the mouse (Mus musculus) infection model due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Alejandro Arrabal, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 2021
Megakaryocytes and platelets in SPN respiratory infection: Role of TLR4. Óscar González Hervás, Complutense University of Madrid, 2021
Study of the immune response mediated by pseudo-innate B lymphocytes against TLR4-dependent immunization models. Rodrigo Sánchez, Complutense University of Madrid, 2017.
Study of the diversity in the immunoglobulin repertoire in healthy individuals. Isabel Martín, Francisco de Vitoria University, 2015.
Dynamics of hematopoietic populations in the perinatal spleen. Inmaculada Sanz, Alcalá University, 2014
Teaching in training courses
Training course: Introduction to Flow Cytometry (from 2015 to present)
Training Course: Flow Cytometry Data Analysis (2018 to present)
Outreach / Citizen Science
• Collaboration in the 4th+Company CAM program.
• Collaboration with the ISCIII Scientific Culture Unit in Science Week at the ISCIII
• Scientific Dissemination Project "Talking about Science", carried out in Majadahonda primary, secondary and high school schools, since 2015 in collaboration with the Department of Education and Youth of the Majadahonda City Council: “How your Immune System works and healthy lifestyle habits to take care of it”